ISSN: 1300 - 6525 E-ISSN: 2149 - 0880
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

The Analysis of Late-Term Otologic Complications Secondary to Treatment and Treatment Methods of Complications in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Nazofarenks Kanseri Olgularında Tedaviye Sekonder Geç Dönem Otolojik Komplikasyonların ve Komplikasyon Tedavi Yöntemlerinin Analizi
Received Date : 28 Feb 2020
Accepted Date : 29 May 2020
Available Online : 30 Oct 2020
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2020-74580 - Makale Dili: TR
KBB ve BBC Dergisi. 2020;28(3):173-80
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Objective: Due to the high radiotherapy doses, large irradiated areas, ototoxic chemotherapy drugs in treatment protocols, young patient age, and good prognosis; the complications secondary to the treatment in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NFC) are common. In this study; it was aimed to evaluate otologic complications secondary to NFC treatment and the treatment methods of these complications in NFC cases followed up in our clinic, and to provide a clinical perspective on this issue. Material and Methods: Between 1996-2016, 61 patients (122 ears) who were treated and followed at a tertiary clinic of otorhinolaryngology, radiation oncology and medical oncology clinic with the diagnosis of NFC were included in the study. The patients were evaluated in terms of demographic features, otoscopic examination findings, audiometry tests, and treatment methods. Results: Of the patients, 44 (72%) were male and 17 (28%) were female. The median age was 48 (age range: 19-65). The complications were most common in the outer ear (n=107, 87.7%), followed by the middle ear (n=81, 66.4%), and the inner ear (n=72, 59.0%), respectively. The most common pathology in the outer ear was skin atrophy (n=101, 82.7%). followed by chronic external otitis (n=5, 4.1%), and outer ear stenosis (n=2, 1.6%) were observed. Adhesive otitis media (n=31, 25.4%) is the most common in middle ear pathologies, then eeustachian tube dysfunction corrected with The Valsalva maneuver (n=30, 24.6%), myringosclerosis (n=29, 23.8%), respectively. Hearing loss was observed in 89 (72.9%) ears. The most common hearing loss type was mixed type hearing loss (n=43, 35.2%). Subsequently, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (n=32, 26.2%) and conductive type hearing loss (n=14, 11.5%) were observed, respectively. SNHL was also present in 40 (32.8%) patients when evaluated for a decrease in bone pathway after 2 kHz. Conservative methods were frequently used in the treatment. Conclusion: In cases of NFC, the entire hearing pathway may be affected in otological complications secondary to radiotherapy. Ear pathologies that can improve with conservative treatment and in early-stage are more common. In the long term, middle ear pathologies are the main problems of this group of patients. In this population, early precautions and conservative treatment approaches should be applied to prevent ear pathologies.
ÖZET
Amaç: Nazofarenks kanseri (NFK) olgularında, tedaviye sekonder kulak komplikasyonları; yüksek radyoterapi dozları, geniş ışınlanan alanlar, tedavi protokollerinde ototoksik kemoterapi ilaçlarının yer alması, genç hasta yaşı ve iyi prognoz nedeni ile sık görülür. Bu çalışmada; kliniğimizde takibi yapılan NFK olgularında, tedaviye sekonder kulak komplikasyonlarını ve bu komplikasyonların tedavi yöntemlerini değerlendirmek, bu konuda klinik bir bakış açısı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: NFK tanısıyla 1996-2016 yılları arasında, bir 3. basamak sağlık merkezinin kulak-burun-boğaz hastalıkları, radyasyon onkolojisi ve medikal onkoloji kliniklerinde tedavi ve takipleri yapılan 61 hasta (122 kulak) çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Hastalar demografik özellikler, otoskopik muayene bulguları, odyometri testi ve tedavi yöntemleri yönünden değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların 44 (%72)’ü erkek, 17 (%28)’si kadın idi. Ortanca yaş 48 (yaş aralığı: 19-65) idi. Komplikasyonlar, en sık dış kulakta (n=107, %87,7); 2. sıklıkta orta kulakta (n=81, %66,4); en az sıklıkta iç kulakta (n=72, %59,0) izlendi. Dış kulak patolojilerinde en sık cilt atrofisi (n=101, %82,7); sonra sırasıyla kronik eksternal otit (n=5, %4,1), dış kulak yolu stenozu (n=2, %1,6) izlendi. Orta kulak patolojilerinde en sık adeziv otitis media (n=31, %25,4); sonra sırasıyla Valsalva Manevrası ile düzelen östaki tüp disfonksiyonu (n=30, %24,6), miringoskleroz (n=29, %23,8) izlendi. İşitme kaybı 89 (%72,9) kulakta izlendi. En sık işitme kaybı, mikst tip işitme kaybı (n=43, %35,2) idi. Takiben sırasıyla sensörinöral tip işitme kaybı (SNİK) (n=32, %26,2) ve iletim tipi işitme kaybı (n=14, %11,5) izlendi. SNİK, ayrıca 2 kHz sonrası kemik yolunda düşüş açısından değerlendirildiğinde, 40 (%32,8) hastada mevcuttu. Tedavi yöntemlerinde, sıklıkla konservatif yöntemler uygulandı. Sonuç: NFK olgularında, radyoterapiye sekonder otolojik komplikasyonlarda, tüm işitme yolağı etkilenebilir. Erken evre ve konservatif tedavi ile iyileşme sağlanabilecek kulak patolojileri daha sık görülmektedir. Orta kulak patolojileri, bu hasta grubunun uzun dönemde en temel problemlerindendir. Bu popülasyonda, kulak patolojilerini engellemek için erken önlemlerin alınması ve konservatif tedavi yaklaşımlarının uygulanması gerekmektedir.
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