ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessment of Readability of Commonly Used Inventories for Vertigo and Tinnitus
Vertigo ve Tinnitus İçin Yaygın Kullanılan Envanterlerin Okunabilirliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Received Date : 23 Oct 2019
Accepted Date : 27 Nov 2019
Available Online : 20 Jul 2020
Mehmet Eser SANCAKTARa, Yusuf DÜNDARb
aSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Samsun Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kulak Burun Boğaz Hastalıkları Kliniği, Samsun, TÜRKİYE
bTexas Tech University, Department of Otolaryngology, Texas, USA
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2019-71990 - Makale Dili: TR
KBB ve BBC Dergisi. 2020;28(2):92-7
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Objective: We aimed to examine the average levels of
education and difficulty required to read and understand the commonly
used patient-reported inventories (PRI) in patients with vertigo and tinnitus.
Material and Methods: A total of nine inventories, namely
Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Vertigo Dizziness Imbalance
Questionnaire- Symptom Scale (VDI-SS), VDI-Health Related Quality
of Life (VDI-HRQoL), Meniere Disease Disability Scale of Dokuz
Eylül University for vertigo; Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ),
Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Severity Index (TSI),
Health related quality of life (HRQoL) for tinnitus and Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI) for both, were analyzed with Ateşman and Çetinkaya-
Uzun formulations developed for Turkish language. The difficulty levels
and the average education levels required for reading and
understanding were determined for each inventory. Results: Average
levels of education required for understanding DHI, VDI-SS, DEUMDDS,
THQ, THI and TSI inventories were 8-9th grade according to
Çetinkaya-Uzun formulation, and 5-6-7th for HRQoL and BDI. Difficulty
levels corresponding to the Ateşman formula; they were tested as
moderate for DHI, very easy for HRQoL and BDI, and easy for others.
Conclusion: The readability levels of the inventories used for vertigo
and tinnitus were higher than the recommended reading level for the
health field. We think that in similar assessments with PRIs, the level
of education of patients should be taken into account in the analysis
and, where necessary, considered as an exclusion criterion.
Keywords: Vertigo; tinnitus; readability; education level
ÖZET
Amaç: Vertigo ve tinnitus hastalarında sık kullanılan hasta bildirimli
envanterlerinin (HBE) hastalar tarafından okunup anlaşılabilmesi
için gerekli olan ortalama eğitim ve zorluk seviyelerini incelemeyi
amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Vertigo için; Dizziness Handicap Inventory
(DHI), Vertigo Dizziness Imbalance Questionnaire- Symptom
Scale (VDI-SS), VDI-Health Related Quality of Life (VDI-HRQoL),
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Meniere Hastalığı Engellilik Skalası (DEUMDDS),
tinnitus için; Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ), Tinnitus
Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Severity Index (TSI), Yaşam
Kalitesi Skalası (HRQoL) ve her ikisi için sık kullanılan Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI) olmak üzere toplam 9 adet envanterin, Türkçe
için geliştirilmiş Ateşman ve Çetinkaya-Uzun formülasyonları ile okunabilirlik
analizleri yapıldı. Her envanter için zorluk seviyeleri ve okunup
anlaşılması için gerekli olan ortalama eğitim seviyeleri tesbit edildi.
Bulgular: DHI, VDI-SS, DEU-MDDS, THQ, THI, ve TSI envanterlerinin
anlaşılabilmesi için gereken ortalama eğitim seviyeleri Çetinkaya-
Uzun formülasyonuna göre 8-9.sınıf, HRQoL ve BDI için ise 5-6-7.
sınıf olarak ortaya çıktı. Ateşman formülüne karşılık gelen zorluk dereceleri
ise; DHI için orta güçlükte, HRQoL ve BDI için çok kolay,
diğerleri ise kolay olarak test edildi. Sonuç: Vertigo ve tinnitus için
kullanılan envanterlerin okunabilirlik seviyeleri sağlık alanı için önerilen
okuma seviyesinden yüksek çıkmıştır. HBE’ler ile yapılacak olan
benzer değerlendirmelerde hastaların eğitim düzeyinin analizlerde hesaba
katılması ve gerekli durumlarda bir dışlama kriteri olarak kabul
edilmesi gerektiğini düşünüyoruz.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Vertigo; tinnitus; okunabilirlik; eğitim seviyesi
KAYNAKLAR
- Bhattacharyya N, Gubbels SP, Schwartz SR, Edlow JA, El-Kashlan H, Fife T, et al. Clinical practice guideline: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;156(3 Suppl):S1-S47. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Tunkel DE, Bauer CA, Sun GH, Rosenfeld RM, Chandrasekhar SS, Cunningham ER Jr, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;151(2 Suppl): S1-S40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- DuBay WH. The Principles of Readibility. Costa: Mesa, CA; 2004. p.72.
- Hansberry DR, Agarwal N, Shah R, Schmitt PJ, Baredes S, Setzen M, et al. Analysis of the readability of patient education materials from surgical subspecialties. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(2):405-12. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Al-Ajlan AA, Al-Khalifa HS, Sl-Salman AS. Towards the development of an automatic readability measurements. 3rd Int Conf Digi Inf Mng (ICDIM); 2008. p.506-11. [Crossref]
- Goldbort R. Readable writing by scientists and researchers. J Environ Health. 2001;63(8):40-1. [PubMed]
- Ateşman E. [Measurement of readability in Turkish]. A.Ü. Tömer Dil Dergisi 1997;58:71-4.
- Lüle Mert E. The readability of the texts in the Turish books. International Journal of Language Academy. 2018;6(1):184-98. [Crossref]
- Basch E, Abernethy AP, Mullins CD, Reeve BB, Smith ML, Coons SJ, et al. Recommendations for incorporating patient-reported outcomes into clinical comparative effectiveness research in adult oncology. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(34):4249-55. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chen J, Ou L, Hollis SJ. A systematic review of the impact of routine collection of patient reported outcome measures on patients, providers and health organisations in an oncologic setting. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:211. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Doruk C, Enver N, Çaytemel B, Azezli E, Başaran B. Readibility, understandability, and quality of online education materials for vocal fold nodules. J Voice. 2018 Sep 18. Doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.08.015. [Epub ahead of print]. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Weiss B. Health Literacy: A Manual for Clinicians. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association; 2003. p.48.
- National Institutes of Health. How to write easy to read health materials. http:// www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/etr.html. Accessed March 22, 2018.
- Coco L, Colina S, Atcherson SR, Marrone N. Readability level of spanish-language patient-reported outcome measures in audiology and otolaryngology. Am J Audiol. 2017;26(3):309-17. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Boztaş N, Özbilgin Ş, Öçmen E, Altuntaş G, Özkardeşler S, Hancı V, et al. Evaluating the readibility of informed consent forms available before anaesthesia: a comparative study. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2014;42(3):140-4. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Papadakos JK, Charow RC, Papadakos CJ, Moody LJ, Giuliani ME. Evaluating cancer patient-reported outcome measures: readability and implications for clinical use. Cancer. 2019;125(8):1350-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- DeWalt DA, Callahan LF, Hawk VH, Broucksou KA, Hink A. Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit; 2019. p.208. https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/quality-patient-safety/quality-resources/tools/literacy/toolkit/healthliteracytoolkit.pdf. Accessed October 16, 2019.
- Judd O. What do patients understand by the term 'Vertigo': a cross-sectional study. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009;34(4):401-2. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Manchaiah V, Dockens AL, Flagge A, Bellon-Harn M, zios JH, Kelly-Campbell RJ, et al. Quality and readability of english-language internet information for tinnitus. J Am Acad Audiol. 2019;30(1):31-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). Ulusal Eğitim İstatistikleri Veritabanı. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ PreTablo.do?alt_id=1018.
- Hall DA, Haider H, Szczepek AJ, Lau P, Rabau S, Jones-Diette J, et al. Systematic review of outcome domains and instruments used in clinical trials of tinnitus treatments in adults. Trials. 2016;17(1):270. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Lüle Mert E. The readability of the texts in the Turkish textbooks. International Journal of Language Academy. 2018;6(1):184-98. [Crossref]
- Gunes A, Yuzbasioglu Y. Effects of treatment on anxiety levels among patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;276(3):711-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]