ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Determination of Risk Factors on Newborn Hearing Loss
Yenidoğan İşitme Kayıplarında Risk Faktörlerinin Belirlenmesi
Received Date : 18 May 2020
Accepted Date : 25 Aug 2020
Available Online : 30 Oct 2020
Dursun Mehmet MEHELa, Ömer KÜÇÜKÖNERb, Doğukan ÖZDEMİRa Mehmet ÇELEBİa,
Samet AYDEMİRa, Şule ÖZDEMİRc, Kağan DEMİRd, Abdulkadir ÖZGÜRa
aDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Health Sciences of University Samsun Health Practices and Research Center, Samsun, TURKEY bDepartment of Audiology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Health Sciences, Samsun, TURKEY
cDepartment of Public Health, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, TURKEY
dDepartment of Audiology, Health Sciences of University Samsun Health Practices and Research Center, Samsun, TURKEY
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2020-76445 - Makale Dili: EN
KBB ve BBC Dergisi. 2021;29(1):13-9
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the
number of patients who did not pass the O-ABR test while being
screened at the hearing screening center of our hospital and applied to
the reference center, the degree of hearing loss, the effect of risk factors
on hearing loss, and the age of their devices. Material and Methods:
The study included 5,552 infants screened at the hearing screening center.
The results of the diagnostic tests performed at the screening and
reference center were compiled retrospectively with risk factors. Results:
While 5,368 (96.7%) of infants did not present with any risk factors,
184 (3.3%) presented with one or more. 267 (4.8%) of the infants
who did not pass the O-ABR test in the screening center applied to the
reference center, while 254 of the infants who applied to the reference
center passed the tests, a total of 13 (1 unilateral, 12 bilateral) (0.23%)
were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). There were
no risk factors found in five of the infants diagnosed with SNHL, while
eight had one or more risk factor. The rate of hearing loss was found to
be statistically significant in infants exhibiting risk factors. Conclusion:
O-ABR is a screening test which works in a short time when applied
to a sleepy or calm baby. In the current study, the hearing loss
ratio was found 23.2 times more in babies with risk factors comparing
babies without risk factors. The most common risk factors were family
history of hearing loss and intensive care unit admission. However, for
babies in the intensive care unit, as they have various risk factors and
the effect of medications and interventions during hospitalization can
make the reason of hearing loss more complicated.
Keywords: Newborn; hearing screening; auditory brainstem responses; risk factors; hearing loss.
ÖZET
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, hastanemiz işitme tarama merkezinde
O-ABR ile taranan ve kalan bebeklerden referans merkezine başvuranların
sayısı işitme kayıplarının derecesi, risk faktörlerinin işitme
kaybına etkisi ve cihazlanma yaşlarının tespit edilmesidir. Gereç ve
Yöntemler: Çalışmaya işitme tarama merkezinde taranan 5.552 bebek
dâhil edildi. Tarama ve referans merkezinde yapılan tanısal testlerin sonuçları,
risk faktörleriyle beraber retrospektif olarak derlendi. Bulgular:
Bebeklerin 5.368 (%96,7)’inde herhangi bir risk faktörü
bulunmazken; 184 (%3,3)’ünde bir veya birden çok risk faktörü mevcuttu.
Tarama merkezinde, O-ABR testini geçemeyen bebeklerden 267
(%4,8)’si referans merkezine başvurdu. Referans merkezine başvuran
bebeklerin 254’ü testleri geçerken; 1 bebeğe tek taraflı, 12 bebeğe çift
taraflı olmak üzere toplam 13 (%0,23) bebeğe sensörinöral işitme kaybı
(SNİK) tanısı konuldu. SNİK tanısı alan bebeklerin 5’inde herhangi bir
risk faktörü bulunmazken 8’inde bir veya birden çok risk faktörü mevcuttu.
Risk faktörü bulunan bebeklerde işitme kaybı görülme oranı istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bulundu. Sonuç: Yenidoğanların işitme tarama
testlerinin yaşamın ilk ayında tamamlanması, ilk 3 ay içinde tanılanması
ve 6 ay içinde de cihazlandırılıp rehabilitasyonlarına başlanması
önerilmektedir. Risk faktörü bulunan bebeklerde işitme kaybı oranın
yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir. İşitme kaybı bulunan bebeklere erken tanı
konması ve tedavilerine erken başlanması, bebeklerin konuşma-dil, sosyal,
duygusal gelişimlerine ve akademik başarılarına katkı sağlamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yenidoğan; işitme tarama; işitsel beyin sapı yanıtları; risk faktörleri; işitme kaybı
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