ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Is Prophylactic Neck Dissection a “Must” in Early-stage Lip Cancer?
Erken Evre Dudak Kanserlerinde Profilaktik Boyun Diseksiyonu Şart mıdır?
Received Date : 19 Jun 2023
Accepted Date : 27 Sep 2023
Available Online : 06 Oct 2023
Buğra SUBAŞIa, Mehmet VAROLa, Nurullah TÜREa, Nadir YILDIRIMa, Sercan ŞİMŞEKb
aDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya, Türkiye
bDepartment of Pathology, Kütahya Health Sciences University Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital, Kütahya, Türkiye
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2023-98550 - Makale Dili: EN
Journal of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. 2023;31(4):200-5.
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Objective: Standard lip cancer (LC) treatment is surgical
excision with therapeutic neck dissection (ND) when there is detectable
metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes (LNs). Nevertheless,
there is no general agreement over how to approach to N0 neck in LC.
The aim of this study is retrospectively review the prognoses of T1/T2
N0 LC-cases who underwent prophylactic ND, for justification of this
procedure. Material and Methods: The study included 50 consecutive
early-stage LC-patients, who were operated on between 2013 and
2023. A retrospective review was made of the clinical findings including
tumor location, T-grade, detectable regional LN involvements, surgical
and adjuvant therapies, histopathological results, recurrences, and
metastases. Results: The 50 patients comprised of 36 (72%) males and
14 (28%) females with a 70.94 years mean age. Squamous cell carcinoma
was the unanimous histologic diagnosis. The tumors were T2 in
12 (24%) and T1 in 38 (76%) patients; well, moderately and poorly differentiated
in 22 (44%), 27 (54%), and 1 (2%) cases, respectively.
Tumor locations were as follows: 42 (84%) lower lip, 7 (14%) upper
lip, 1 (2%) commissure. Resected tumor defects were repaired with primary
closure or flap repairs in 38 (76%) patients and in 12 (24%) patients
the operations were complemented with unilateral or bilateral (8
and 4 cases, respectively) elective supraomohyoid ND. No LN metastases
were found histopathologically in the ND-specimens. Tumor recurrences
occurred in 2 (4%) patients. Conclusion: The results of this
study suggested that “wait-and-see” and close follow-up at regular intervals
is a more rational approach in early-stage N0 LC than prophylactic
ND.
Keywords: Lip neoplasms; lymphatic metastasis; surgery, oral; neck dissection; neoplasm staging; neoplasm recurrence, local
ÖZET
Amaç: Standart dudak kanseri tedavisi, servikal lenf nodlarında
saptanabilir metastaz olduğunda cerrahi eksizyon ve terapötik boyun
diseksiyonu şeklindedir. Erken evre (T1 ve T2) dudak kanserlerinde
lenf nodu tutulumu negatif (N0) boyuna yaklaşım tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı, profilaktik boyun diseksiyonu uygulanan T1/T2 N0
dudak kanseri vakalarının prognozlarını retrospektif olarak gözden geçirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 2013 ile 2023 yılları arasında
erken evre primer dudak karsinomu nedeni ile opere edilen 50
ardışık hasta dâhil edildi. Hastaların klinik özellikleri, bölgesel lenf
nodu durumu, tümörün yerleşim yeri, tümör evrelemesi, patoloji sonuçları,
takiplerde nüks oranları, boyun lenf nodu metastazı ve uzak
metastaz oranları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Hastaların
14’ü (%28) kadın, 36’sı (%72) erkek idi ve yaş ortalaması 70,94 yıl idi.
Olguların tamamında patolojik tanı skuamöz hücreli karsinomdu. On
iki (%24) hastada T2, 38 (%76) hastada T1 tümör mevcuttu. Tümörler
22 (%44) hastada iyi, 27 (%54) hastada orta, 1 (%2) hastada az derecede
diferansiye idi. Kanserlerin 7’si (%14) üst dudakta, 42’si (%84) alt
dudakta, 1’i (%2) ise kommissür bölgesinde izlendi. Hastaların 38’ine
kitle eksizyonu ve primer ya da fleb ile onarım yapılırken, 12’sine (6
hasta pT1, 6 hasta pT2) ek olarak profilaktik boyun diseksiyonu yapıldı.
Dört hastaya bilateral, 8 hastaya ise tek taraflı supraomohyoid
boyun diseksiyonu yapıldı. Hastaların herhangi birinde histopatolojik
lenf nodu metastazı izlenmedi. İki hastada lokal nüks izlendi. Sonuç:
Erken evre N0 dudak kanserlerinde profilaktik boyun diseksiyonunun
gerekli olmayacağı kanaati oluştu ve bu hasta grubu için “bekle ve gör”
ve düzenli aralıklarla yakın takip yaklaşımının daha uygun bir seçenek
gibi göründüğü sonucuna varıldı.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dudak neoplazileri; lenfatik metastaz; cerrahi, oral; boyun diseksiyonu; tümör evrelemesi; tümör rekürrensi, lokal
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