REVIEW ARTICLES
Manifestations of Migraine in Otolaryngology: Traditional Review
Migrenin Kulak Burun Boğazdaki Belirtileri: Geleneksel Derleme
Received Date : 20 May 2024
Accepted Date : 26 Aug 2024
Available Online : 05 Sep 2024
Oğuzhan OĞUZa, Nuray BAYAR MULUKb, Zeynel ÖZTÜRKc,d, Sevilay AYNACIe, Emmanuel PROKOPAKISf, Cemal CİNGİg
aPrivate Physician, İstanbul, Türkiye
bKırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
cNişantaşı University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, İstanbul, Türkiye
dBaypark Hospital, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, İstanbul, Türkiye
eEskisehir City Hospital, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eskişehir, Türkiye
fUniversity of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Crete, Greece
gEskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eskişehir, Türkiye
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2024-104001 - Makale Dili: EN
Journal of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. 2024;32(4):171-7.
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Migraines are recurring headaches that frequently occur
with nausea and sensitivity to light. They can be easily diagnosed because
they occur with headaches of varying severity and periods when
the patient experiences no symptoms. It is stated that headaches are
usually throbbing and relieved after sleeping. Rhinosinusitis-related
headaches, the most frequently encountered by ear, nose, and throat
(ENT) physicians, are generally more disturbing in the mornings due to
stasis and being in a horizontal position at night. It is generally accepted
that the leading cause of migraines is neuroinflammation of the
trigemino-vascular system. The trigemino-vascular system contains peripheral
trigeminal nerve endings that innervate the pia mater, dura
mater, and cranial blood vessels, among other structures. Patients with
suspected migraine may also present primarily with vestibular symptoms.
It is expected to have an aura before attacks. However, at the first
presentation, patients may also describe migraine without aura or migraine
headache accompanied by photophobia and phonophobia. Given
the enigmatic origins of both tinnitus and migraines, it is plausible that
they have a common pathophysiology connected to the central nervous
system. In particular, migraine-related tinnitus is caused by trigeminal
nerve activation and is likely hypersensitivity of the cerebral cortex.
Some symptoms that may be noticed include vertigo, tinnitus, impaired
hearing, ataxia, and issues with vision in both eyes. With a comprehensive
literature analysis, this study discusses the otolaryngologic features
of migraines to update the general information, especially that of
ENT specialists.
Keywords: Migraine; headache; vertigo; tinnitus; trigeminal nerve stimulation
ÖZET
Migren, değişen şiddette ve sıklıkla mide bulantısı ve ışığa duyarlılıkla
birlikte ortaya çıkan tekrarlayan baş ağrılarıdır. Genellikle
zonklayıcı tarzda olduğu ve uyuduktan sonra hafiflediği belirtilmektedir.
Kulak-burun-boğaz (KBB) hekimlerinin en sık karşılaştığı rinosinüzite
bağlı baş ağrıları ise genellikle gece yatay durumda olmaya bağlı
sinüs içinde staz nedeniyle sabahları daha rahatsız edici olmaktadır.
Genel olarak migrenlerin temel nedeninin trigemino-vasküler sistemin
nöroinflamasyonu olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Trigemino-vasküler sistemin,
diğer yapılar arasında pia mater, dura mater ve kraniyal kan damarlarını
innerve eden periferal trigeminal sinir uçlarını içerdiği
bilinmektedir. Migren şüphesi olan hastalar, öncelikle vestibüler semptomlarla
da başvurabilirler. Ataklar öncesinde aura olması yaygındır.
Ancak hastalar ilk başvuruda, aurasız migren ya da fotofobi ile fonofobinin
eşlik ettiği migren baş ağrısı da tanımlayabilirler. Tinnitus ve
migrenlerin etiyolojik nedenleri hâlen netleşmemiş olduğundan, santral
sinir sistemine ait bir nedenle tinnitus ve baş ağrısı semptomları birlikte
yaşanabilir. Trigeminal sinir stimülasyonu ve muhtemelen merkezi
hipersensitivite nedeniyle migren ile tinnitus etiyolojisinin bağlantılı
olabileceği de teoriler arasındadır. Birlikte görülebilecek semptomlar
arasında baş dönmesi, tinnitus, işitme kaybı, ataksi ve her iki gözün her
iki yarı alanında görme problemleri yer alabilir. Bu makalede, migrenin
KBB alanındaki belirtileri detaylı bir literatür taramasıyla sunulmaktadır.
Amacımız, KBB hekimlerinin bu konudaki bilgilerini
güncellemektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Migren; baş ağrısı; baş dönmesi; tinnitus; trigeminal sinir stimülasyonu
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