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REVIEW ARTICLES

Manifestations of Migraine in Otolaryngology: Traditional Review
Migrenin Kulak Burun Boğazdaki Belirtileri: Geleneksel Derleme
Received Date : 20 May 2024
Accepted Date : 26 Aug 2024
Available Online : 05 Sep 2024
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2024-104001 - Makale Dili: EN
Journal of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. 2024;32(4):171-7.
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Migraines are recurring headaches that frequently occur with nausea and sensitivity to light. They can be easily diagnosed because they occur with headaches of varying severity and periods when the patient experiences no symptoms. It is stated that headaches are usually throbbing and relieved after sleeping. Rhinosinusitis-related headaches, the most frequently encountered by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physicians, are generally more disturbing in the mornings due to stasis and being in a horizontal position at night. It is generally accepted that the leading cause of migraines is neuroinflammation of the trigemino-vascular system. The trigemino-vascular system contains peripheral trigeminal nerve endings that innervate the pia mater, dura mater, and cranial blood vessels, among other structures. Patients with suspected migraine may also present primarily with vestibular symptoms. It is expected to have an aura before attacks. However, at the first presentation, patients may also describe migraine without aura or migraine headache accompanied by photophobia and phonophobia. Given the enigmatic origins of both tinnitus and migraines, it is plausible that they have a common pathophysiology connected to the central nervous system. In particular, migraine-related tinnitus is caused by trigeminal nerve activation and is likely hypersensitivity of the cerebral cortex. Some symptoms that may be noticed include vertigo, tinnitus, impaired hearing, ataxia, and issues with vision in both eyes. With a comprehensive literature analysis, this study discusses the otolaryngologic features of migraines to update the general information, especially that of ENT specialists.
ÖZET
Migren, değişen şiddette ve sıklıkla mide bulantısı ve ışığa duyarlılıkla birlikte ortaya çıkan tekrarlayan baş ağrılarıdır. Genellikle zonklayıcı tarzda olduğu ve uyuduktan sonra hafiflediği belirtilmektedir. Kulak-burun-boğaz (KBB) hekimlerinin en sık karşılaştığı rinosinüzite bağlı baş ağrıları ise genellikle gece yatay durumda olmaya bağlı sinüs içinde staz nedeniyle sabahları daha rahatsız edici olmaktadır. Genel olarak migrenlerin temel nedeninin trigemino-vasküler sistemin nöroinflamasyonu olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Trigemino-vasküler sistemin, diğer yapılar arasında pia mater, dura mater ve kraniyal kan damarlarını innerve eden periferal trigeminal sinir uçlarını içerdiği bilinmektedir. Migren şüphesi olan hastalar, öncelikle vestibüler semptomlarla da başvurabilirler. Ataklar öncesinde aura olması yaygındır. Ancak hastalar ilk başvuruda, aurasız migren ya da fotofobi ile fonofobinin eşlik ettiği migren baş ağrısı da tanımlayabilirler. Tinnitus ve migrenlerin etiyolojik nedenleri hâlen netleşmemiş olduğundan, santral sinir sistemine ait bir nedenle tinnitus ve baş ağrısı semptomları birlikte yaşanabilir. Trigeminal sinir stimülasyonu ve muhtemelen merkezi hipersensitivite nedeniyle migren ile tinnitus etiyolojisinin bağlantılı olabileceği de teoriler arasındadır. Birlikte görülebilecek semptomlar arasında baş dönmesi, tinnitus, işitme kaybı, ataksi ve her iki gözün her iki yarı alanında görme problemleri yer alabilir. Bu makalede, migrenin KBB alanındaki belirtileri detaylı bir literatür taramasıyla sunulmaktadır. Amacımız, KBB hekimlerinin bu konudaki bilgilerini güncellemektir.
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