ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Reconstruction of Oral Cavity Defects with Free Flaps After Ablation of Intraoral Cancers
Ağız İçi Kanserlerin Eksizyonu Sonrasında Gelişen Defektlerin Serbest Fleplerle Rekonstrüksiyonu
Received Date : 06 Sep 2020
Accepted Date : 10 Nov 2020
Available Online : 11 Feb 2020
Burak ÖZKANa, Çağrı A. UYSALa, Özgül TOPALb, Alper KÖYCÜb Abbas ALBAYATİa, Nilgün M. ERTAŞa
aBaşkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Plastik, Rekonstrüktif ve Estetik Cerrahi ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bBaşkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kulak Burun Boğaz Hastalıkları ABD, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2020-78817 - Makale Dili: TR
KBB ve BBC Dergisi. 2021;29(1):50-7
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Objective: Our aim in this study is to retrospectively examine the
results of free flaps used in the closure of intraoral defects developed after oncologic
surgery and to share our experiences. Material and Methods: Between
2015 and 2020, Başkent University Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
Department retrospectively screened 13 patients with intraoral defects who developed
intraoral defects after a total of oncological resection. Tumor resections
and neck dissections of all patients were performed by Başkent University Ear,
Nose and Throat Diseases Department. Immediate reconstruction of intraoral defects
were performed by Başkent University Department of Plastic, Reconstructive
and Aesthetic Surgery. Results: 9 of the patients were male and 4 were
female. The average age was 54.3 (22-84). The localization of the defects were
at the floor of the mouth in 9 patients and the roof of the oral cavity in 4 patients.
The sizes of the defects were between 5x4 cm and 17x14 cm. 6 patients underwent
ipsilateral radical neck dissection in addition to tumor resection. Free radial
forearm flap was applied in 7 patients, latissimus dorsi muscle skin flap in 4 patients,
free fibula flap in 2 patients. Of the 6 patients with mandibular defects accompanying
the floor of the mouth, 2 were reconstructed with free fibular flaps,
and 4 patients were reconstructed with a 2.4 mm profiled titanium reconstruction
plate. No flap lost was seen. Average follow-up time was 434 days (90-1,700).
Conclusion: Free flaps can provide sufficient amount of tissue in a single session
for repairing defects in the floor and roof of the oral cavity after oncological
surgery. For success in surgery, a good planning with a multi-disciplinary approach
in the preoperative period, careful follow-up and care in the post-operative
period are required.
Keywords: Intraoral tumors; free flaps; intraoral reconstruction; radial forearm flap; latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, onkolojik cerrahi sonrasında gelişmiş
ağız içi defektlerin kapatılmasında kullandığımız serbest fleplerin sonuçlarını retrospektif
olarak incelemek ve tecrübelerimizi paylaşmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Başkent Üniversitesi Plastik, Rekonstrüktif ve Estetik Cerrahi Bölümünde
2015-2020 yılları arasında, onkolojik rezeksiyon sonrası ağız içi defekti gelişmiş
ve serbest fleplerle onarım yapılmış 13 hasta, retrospektif olarak tarandı. Tüm
hastaların tümör eksizyonları ve boyun diseksiyonları, Başkent Üniversitesi Kulak
Burun Boğaz Hastalıkları tarafından yapılırken, rekonstrüksiyonları ameliyata
dâhil olunarak, Başkent Üniversitesi Plastik, Rekonstrüktif ve Estetik Cerrahi Bölümü
tarafından aynı seansta gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Hastaların 9’u erkek,
4’ü kadındı. Yaş ortalaması 54,3 (22-84) idi. Defektlerin lokalizasyonu, 9 hastada
ağız tabanı, 4 hastada ağız tavanındaydı. Defektlerin boyutları, 5x4 cm ile 17x14
cm arasındaydı. 6 hastaya tümör eksizyonuyla beraber ipsilateral radikal boyun
diseksiyonu yapıldı. 7 hastaya serbest radyal ön kol flebi, 4 hastaya latissimus
dorsi kas deri flebi, 2 hastaya serbest fibula flebi uygulandı. Ağız tabanına eşlik
eden, mandibula defekti olan 6 hastadan 2’sine serbest fibula flebi, 4 hastaya ise
2,4 mm profilli titanyum rekonstrüksiyon plağı ile mandibula rekonstrüksiyonu
yapıldı. Hiçbir flep kaybedilmedi. Ortalama takip süresi, 434 gün (90-1.700) idi.
Sonuç: Ağız tabanı ve tavanında, onkolojik cerrahi sonrasında gelişen defektlerin
onarılmasında serbest flepler yeterli miktarda dokuyu tek seansta temin edebilmektedir.
Cerrahide başarı için preoperatif dönemde multidisipliner yaklaşımla
iyi bir planlama ve postoperatif dönemde özenli takip ve bakım gereklidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağız içi kanserleri; serbest flepler; ağız içi rekonstrüksiyonu; radyal ön kol flebi; latissimus dorsi kas deri flebi
KAYNAKLAR
- Chim H, Salgado CJ, Seselgyte R, Wei FC, Mardini S. Principles of head and neck reconstruction: an algorithm to guide flap selection. Semin Plast Surg. 2010;24(2):148-54.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Eryaman E, Eker L, Baltaoglu M, Işıksaçan V. [Radial forearm free flap in intraoral reconstruction]. K.B.B. ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Dergisi. 1997;5:149-53.[Link]
- Jeong WS, Oh TS. Oral and oropharyngeal reconstruction with a free flap. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2016;17(2):45-50.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Sessions DG, Spector GJ, Lenox J, Haughey B, Chao C, Marks J. Analysis of treatment results for oral tongue cancer. Laryngoscope. 2002;112(4):616-25.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hanasono MM. Reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer patients. Adv Med. 2014;2014:795483.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Schöning H, Emshoff R. Primary temporary AO plate reconstruction of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;86(6):667-72.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Schusterman MA, Reece GP, Kroll SS, Weldon ME. Use of the AO plate for immediate mandibular reconstruction in cancer patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991;88(4):588-93.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Miyamoto S, Sakuraba M, Nagamatsu S, Kamizono K, Hayashi R. Comparison of reconstruction plate and double flap for reconstruction of an extensive mandibular defect. Microsurgery. 2012;32(6):452-7.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Nuri T, Ueda K, Yamada A, Okada M, Hara M. Reconstruction of the dynamic velopharyngeal function by combined radial forearm-palmaris longus tenocutaneous free flap, and superiorly based pharyngeal flap in postoncologic total palatal defect. Ann Plast Surg. 2015;74(4):437-41.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Qian W, Haight J, Poon I, Enepekides D, Higgins KM. Sleep apnea in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer after surgery and chemoradiation therapy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;143(2):248-52.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Haymerle G, Enzenhofer E, Lechner W, Stock M, Vyskocil E, Selzer E, et al. The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on radial forearm free flap volume after soft palate reconstruction in 13 patients. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2018. 43(2):742-5.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wei FC, Jain V, Celik N, Chen HC, Chuang DC, Lin CH. Have we found an ideal soft-tissue flap? An experience with 672 anterolateral thigh flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;109(7):2219-26; discussion 2227-30.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Yu P. Characteristics of the anterolateral thigh flap in a Western population and its application in head and neck reconstruction. Head Neck. 2004;26(9):759-69.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lutz BS, Wei FC, Chang SC, Yang KH, Chen IH. Donor site morbidity after suprafascial elevation of the radial forearm flap: a prospective study in 95 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103(1):132-7.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Selber JC, Sanders E, Lin H, Yu P. Venous drainage of the radial forearm flap: comparison of the deep and superficial systems. Ann Plast Surg. 2011;66(4):347-50.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bailey SH, Oni G, Guevara R, Wong C, Saint-Cyr M. Latissimus dorsi donor-site morbidity: the combination of quilting and fibrin sealant reduce length of drain placement and seroma rate. Ann Plast Surg. 2012;68(6):555-8.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Yu P, Chang DW, Miller MJ, Reece G, Robb GL. Analysis of 49 cases of flap compromise in 1310 free flaps for head and neck reconstruction. Head Neck. 2009;31(1):45-51.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Yazar S. Selection of recipient vessels in microsurgical free tissue reconstruction of head and neck defects. Microsurgery. 2007;27(7):588-94.[Crossref] [PubMed]
- Sweeny L, Curry J, Crawley M, Cave T, Stewart M, Luginbuhl A, et al. Factors impacting successful salvage of the failing free flap. Head Neck. 2020;42(12):3568-79.[Crossref] [PubMed]