ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Analysis of Late-Term Otologic Complications Secondary to Treatment and Treatment Methods of Complications in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Nazofarenks Kanseri Olgularında Tedaviye Sekonder Geç Dönem Otolojik Komplikasyonların ve Komplikasyon Tedavi Yöntemlerinin Analizi
Received Date : 28 Feb 2020
Accepted Date : 29 May 2020
Available Online : 30 Oct 2020
Ayca ANTa, Arzubetül DURANa, Pınar ATABEYa, Ömer YAZICIb, Ferit Ferhat ASLANc, Samet ÖZLÜGEDİKa
aSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Kulak Burun Boğaz Hastalıkları Kliniği,
Ankara, TÜRKİYE
bSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Radyasyon Onkolojisi Kliniği,
Ankara, TÜRKİYE
cSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Medikal Onkoloji Kliniği,
Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2020-74580 - Makale Dili: TR
KBB ve BBC Dergisi. 2020;28(3):173-80
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Objective: Due to the high radiotherapy doses, large irradiated areas,
ototoxic chemotherapy drugs in treatment protocols, young patient age, and good prognosis;
the complications secondary to the treatment in patients with nasopharyngeal
cancer (NFC) are common. In this study; it was aimed to evaluate otologic complications
secondary to NFC treatment and the treatment methods of these complications in
NFC cases followed up in our clinic, and to provide a clinical perspective on this issue.
Material and Methods: Between 1996-2016, 61 patients (122 ears) who were treated
and followed at a tertiary clinic of otorhinolaryngology, radiation oncology and medical
oncology clinic with the diagnosis of NFC were included in the study. The patients
were evaluated in terms of demographic features, otoscopic examination findings,
audiometry tests, and treatment methods. Results: Of the patients, 44 (72%) were male
and 17 (28%) were female. The median age was 48 (age range: 19-65). The complications
were most common in the outer ear (n=107, 87.7%), followed by the middle
ear (n=81, 66.4%), and the inner ear (n=72, 59.0%), respectively. The most common
pathology in the outer ear was skin atrophy (n=101, 82.7%). followed by chronic external
otitis (n=5, 4.1%), and outer ear stenosis (n=2, 1.6%) were observed. Adhesive
otitis media (n=31, 25.4%) is the most common in middle ear pathologies, then
eeustachian tube dysfunction corrected with The Valsalva maneuver (n=30, 24.6%),
myringosclerosis (n=29, 23.8%), respectively. Hearing loss was observed in 89 (72.9%)
ears. The most common hearing loss type was mixed type hearing loss (n=43, 35.2%).
Subsequently, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (n=32, 26.2%) and conductive type
hearing loss (n=14, 11.5%) were observed, respectively. SNHL was also present in 40
(32.8%) patients when evaluated for a decrease in bone pathway after 2 kHz. Conservative
methods were frequently used in the treatment. Conclusion: In cases of NFC,
the entire hearing pathway may be affected in otological complications secondary to
radiotherapy. Ear pathologies that can improve with conservative treatment and in
early-stage are more common. In the long term, middle ear pathologies are the main
problems of this group of patients. In this population, early precautions and conservative
treatment approaches should be applied to prevent ear pathologies.
Keywords: Chemotherapy; complications; nasopharyngeal cancer; ototoxicity; radiotherapy
ÖZET
Amaç: Nazofarenks kanseri (NFK) olgularında, tedaviye sekonder kulak
komplikasyonları; yüksek radyoterapi dozları, geniş ışınlanan alanlar, tedavi protokollerinde
ototoksik kemoterapi ilaçlarının yer alması, genç hasta yaşı ve iyi
prognoz nedeni ile sık görülür. Bu çalışmada; kliniğimizde takibi yapılan NFK olgularında,
tedaviye sekonder kulak komplikasyonlarını ve bu komplikasyonların
tedavi yöntemlerini değerlendirmek, bu konuda klinik bir bakış açısı sağlamak
amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: NFK tanısıyla 1996-2016 yılları arasında, bir
3. basamak sağlık merkezinin kulak-burun-boğaz hastalıkları, radyasyon onkolojisi
ve medikal onkoloji kliniklerinde tedavi ve takipleri yapılan 61 hasta (122
kulak) çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Hastalar demografik özellikler, otoskopik muayene
bulguları, odyometri testi ve tedavi yöntemleri yönünden değerlendirildi. Bulgular:
Hastaların 44 (%72)’ü erkek, 17 (%28)’si kadın idi. Ortanca yaş 48 (yaş aralığı:
19-65) idi. Komplikasyonlar, en sık dış kulakta (n=107, %87,7); 2. sıklıkta orta
kulakta (n=81, %66,4); en az sıklıkta iç kulakta (n=72, %59,0) izlendi. Dış kulak
patolojilerinde en sık cilt atrofisi (n=101, %82,7); sonra sırasıyla kronik eksternal
otit (n=5, %4,1), dış kulak yolu stenozu (n=2, %1,6) izlendi. Orta kulak patolojilerinde
en sık adeziv otitis media (n=31, %25,4); sonra sırasıyla Valsalva Manevrası
ile düzelen östaki tüp disfonksiyonu (n=30, %24,6), miringoskleroz (n=29,
%23,8) izlendi. İşitme kaybı 89 (%72,9) kulakta izlendi. En sık işitme kaybı, mikst
tip işitme kaybı (n=43, %35,2) idi. Takiben sırasıyla sensörinöral tip işitme kaybı
(SNİK) (n=32, %26,2) ve iletim tipi işitme kaybı (n=14, %11,5) izlendi. SNİK,
ayrıca 2 kHz sonrası kemik yolunda düşüş açısından değerlendirildiğinde, 40
(%32,8) hastada mevcuttu. Tedavi yöntemlerinde, sıklıkla konservatif yöntemler
uygulandı. Sonuç: NFK olgularında, radyoterapiye sekonder otolojik komplikasyonlarda,
tüm işitme yolağı etkilenebilir. Erken evre ve konservatif tedavi ile iyileşme
sağlanabilecek kulak patolojileri daha sık görülmektedir. Orta kulak
patolojileri, bu hasta grubunun uzun dönemde en temel problemlerindendir. Bu
popülasyonda, kulak patolojilerini engellemek için erken önlemlerin alınması ve
konservatif tedavi yaklaşımlarının uygulanması gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kemoterapi; komplikasyon; nazofarenks kanseri; ototoksisite; radyoterapi
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