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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

The Effect of Hypercalcemia on Otoacoustic Emission in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Primer Hiperparatiroidili Hastalarda Hiperkalseminin Otoakustik Emisyona Etkisi
Received Date : 23 Nov 2022
Accepted Date : 23 Mar 2023
Available Online : 30 Mar 2023
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2022-93449 - Makale Dili: TR
KBB ve BBC Dergisi. 2023;31(2):75-80
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the effect of changes in the plasma calcium (Ca) level on pure tone audiometry hearing thresholds and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values in otoacoustic emission measurements in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Material and Methods: This prospective study included patients aged >18 years, who were diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and underwent surgery between January 2021-September 2022. The patients had no history of hearing loss, ear surgery, or trauma, and did not have tinnitus. Before parathyroid adenoma excision and at 1 month postoperatively, puretone audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), transient otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and tympanometric measurements were taken. Venous blood samples were taken from all the patients and parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, albumin, phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were determined. Results: Evaluation was made of 42 ears of 21 patients with a mean age of 44.2±10.3 (range, 21-63 years) years. The mean PTH and Ca++ values were measured as 289±225.9 pg/mL and 11.52±0.72 mg/dL preoperatively, and 79±73.1 pg/mL and 9.34±0.36 mg/dL at 1 month postoperatively (p<0.001, p<0.001). The air and bone conduction thresholds were determined to be 14.12±4.06 dB and 9±4.08 dB preoperatively, and 14.56±4,76 dB and 9.43±5.01 dB respectvely, postoperatively (p=0.151, p=0.610). No statistically significant difference was determined between the preoperative and postoperative hearing thresholds, TEOAE, and SNR values in DPOAE. Conclusion: There is a need for further studies to evaluate the relationship between the perilymph Ca content associated with the cerebrospinal fluid Ca level and the plasma Ca level. According to the results of this study, hypercalcemia had no significant effect on hearing and otoacoustic emission.
ÖZET
Amaç: Primer hiperparatiroidili hastalarda plazma kalsiyum [calcium (Ca)] düzeyi değişikliklerinin saf ses odyometrisi işitme eşikleri ve otoakustik emisyon ölçümlerinde sinyal gürültü oranı [signal-tonoise ratio (SNR)] değerleri üzerine etkisinin ortaya konması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif çalışma, Ocak 2021- Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Primer hiperparatiroidi tanısı alan ve ameliyat edilen >18 yaşın üzerindeki hastalardan işitme kaybı ve tinnitusu olmayan, kulağa yönelik operasyon veya travma geçirmemiş olgular çalışmaya alındı. Paratiroid adenomu eksizyonu öncesi ve postoperatif 1. ayda saf ses odyometrisi, distorsiyon ürünü otoakustik emisyon [distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE)], transient otoakustik emisyon [transient otoacoustic emission (TEAOE)] ve timpanometrik ölçümler yapıldı, hastalardan venöz kan örneğinde paratiroid hormon (PTH), Ca, albumin, fosfor, kan üre azotu ve kreatinin çalışıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya, yaşları 21-63 arasında değişen (ortalama 44,2±10,3 yıl) 21 hastanın 42 kulağı dâhil edildi. PTH ve Ca++ preoperatif dönemde sırasıyla ortalama 289±225,9 pg/mL ve 11,52±0,72 mg/dL iken, postoperatif 1. ayda 79±73,1 pg/mL ve 9,34±0,36 mg/dL olarak bulundu (p<0,001, p<0,001). Hastaların preoperatif hava ve kemik yolu eşikleri ortalaması sırasıyla 14,12±4,06 dB ve 9±4,08 dB, postoperatif ise sırasıyla 14,56±4,76 dB ve 9,43±5,01 dB olarak bulundu (p=0,151, p=0,610). Preoperatif ve postoperatif işitme eşikleri, TEOAE ve DPOAE’de SNR değerleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Sonuç: Plazma Ca düzeyi ile beyin omurilik sıvısı Ca düzeyi ilişkili olarak perilenf Ca içeriği arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak adına daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışma sonuçlarına göre hiperkalseminin işitme ve otoakustik emisyon üzerine anlamlı etkisi olmadığı kanaatindeyiz.
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