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The Effects of Otitis Media with Effusion in Early Childhood on Central Auditory Processing Skills, Language Development and Music Perception: A Literature Review
Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Geçirilen Efüzyonlu Otitis Medianın Santral İşitsel İşlemleme Becerileri, Dil Gelişimi ve Müzik Algısı Üzerine Etkileri: Literatür Derlemesi
Received Date : 06 Feb 2024
Accepted Date : 08 Mar 2024
Available Online : 01 Apr 2024
Doi: 10.24179/kbbbbc.2024-102002 - Makale Dili: TR
Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Dergisi. 2024;32(2):103-10
Copyright © 2020 by Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a disease characterized by fluid accumulation in the middle ear. It can cause individuals to experience various problems in the early years of life. OME is frequently seen in childhood and usually occurs due to ear infections. The overall prevalence of OME ranges from 6.5% to 6.8%, with a maximum prevalence of 10.4% between 6-8 years. The presence of OME can interfere with the movement of the tympanic membrane and ossicles and the transmission of the acoustic signal from the environment through the external auditory canal to the cochlea. It can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. Up to 20% of children with OME experience mild hearing loss, while 5-10% may have moderate hearing loss. An active hearing system is important for analyzing the sounds heard and for the development of language and speech. Impairments caused by OME in the peripheral auditory system may have the potential to affect the cochlea, brainstem, and higher auditory pathways. There are contradictions in the literature regarding whether central auditory processing and language development of children with a history of OME are negatively affected later in life. The high prevalence of the disease and the hearing loss that may cause makes it important to examine it in terms of possible auditory processing, language development and music perception problems. This review was written to synthesize the possible effects of OME in early childhood on central auditory processing, language development and music perception and to contribute to future research.
ÖZET
Efüzyonlu otitis media [otitis media with effusion (OME)], orta kulakta sıvı birikimi ile karakterize olan bir hastalıktır. Yaşamın ilk yıllarında bireylerin çeşitli problemler yaşamalarına sebep olabilmektedir. OME, sıklıkla çocukluk çağında görülmekte ve genellikle kulak enfeksiyonlarına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. OME’nin genel prevalansı %6,5-6,8 civarında değişmektedir; 6 ile 8 yaş arasında prevalansı maksimum düzeye ulaşmakta olup %10,4’tür. OME varlığı timpanik membranla kemikçiklerin hareketini ve çevreden gelen akustik sinyalin dış kulak yolundan kokleaya iletilmesini engelleyebilmektedir. Geçici veya kalıcı işitme kaybına neden olabilmektedir. OME geçiren çocukların %20 kadarı hafif derecede işitme kaybı yaşarken, %5-10 kadarında orta derecede işitme kaybı görülebilmektedir. İşitilen sesleri analiz etmek ve dil-konuşma gelişimi için aktif işitme sistemi önemlidir. OME’nin periferik işitme sisteminde neden olduğu bozulmalar; koklea, beyin sapı ve daha üst düzey işitsel yolları olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. OME öyküsü olan çocukların ileriki dönemlerde santral işitsel işlemleme becerileri ve dil gelişimlerinin olumsuz etkilenip etkilenmediğine yönelik literatür araştırmaları arasında karşıtlıklar mevcuttur. Hastalığın yüksek prevalanslı oluşu ve işitme kaybı oluşturma ihtimali; olası işitsel işlemleme, dil gelişimi ve müzik algısı problemleri açısından incelenmesini önemli kılmaktadır. Bu derleme, erken çocukluk döneminde geçirilen OME’nin takip eden dönemlerde santral işitsel işlemleme, dil gelişimi ve müzik algısı üzerine muhtemel etkilerini sentezlemek ve gelecekteki araştırmalara katkıda bulunmak amacıyla yazılmıştır.
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